Description:The diagnostic test for the diagnosis of prostate cancer is "All of the above" (Digital rectal examination, Prostate specific antigen (PSA), and Prostate biopsy).

Description:All of the above" (Digital rectal examination, Prostate specific antigen (PSA), and Prostate biopsy) are diagnostic tests for prostate cancer, each providing valuable information to aid in the diagnosis process.

Description:The malignant tumor of the bone is Osteogenic sarcoma (option c), whereas the other options (Fibrosarcoma, Lipoma, and Osteoma) are not bone malignancies.

Description:The purpose of allopurinol is to prevent hyperuricemia (option b) in leukemia patients receiving busulfan. Hyperuricemia is an elevated level of uric acid in the blood, and allopurinol helps to reduce its levels and prevent associated complications.

Description:At the time of diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma, the neck (option b) is often involved, and patients may present with swollen lymph nodes in this area.

Description:The nurse could expect the patient with lymphoma and signs of impending septic shock to have low-grade fever, chills, and tachycardia (option b). These symptoms are common in the early stages of sepsis.

Description:The presence of Bence-jones proteins (option c) in urine is suggestive of the diagnosis for multiple myeloma. These proteins are abnormal immunoglobulins produced by the malignant plasma cells characteristic of the disease.

Description:The nurse is very cautious while administering cyclophosphamide to the patient because this drug poses the fatal side effect of hemorrhagic cystitis (option d), which is inflammation and bleeding of the bladder lining.

Description:Contact precautions should be consider when a patient has a wound draining. Contact precautions are also be considered for patient’s with uncontrollable diarrhea and other scenario when the environment may become contaminated.

Description:The appropriate PPE for the nurse performing tracheostomy suction in a patient with COVID-19 is an N95 mask, face shield, gown, and gloves (option b). This combination provides adequate protection against respiratory droplets and potential exposure to the virus.

Description:Codman's triangle is typically seen in osteosarcoma (option b). It refers to a triangular area of new bone formation at the periphery of the tumor, commonly seen in X-rays.

Description:Primary bone tumors are commonly seen in the first three decades of life, benign tumors are more common than malignant ones, and they can metastasize to adjacent bone.

Description:The malignant tumor of bone is "Osteogenic sarcoma" (option d). It is a type of bone cancer that arises from primitive bone-forming cells and is also known as osteosarcoma.

Description:The "onion-skin" appearance is present in Ewing's sarcoma (option a). It refers to the layered periosteal reaction seen in X-rays, which is a characteristic feature of this bone tumor.

Description:Tuor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a condition that occurs when a large number of cancer cells die within a short period releasing their contents in to the blood. Tumor lysis syndrome is characterized by hyperkalemia hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, hyperuricemia, and elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and other nitrogen-containing compound (azotemia).

Description:Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) happens when the superior vena cava is partially blocked or compressed. Cancer is usually the main cause of SVCS. Edema of the neck, called the collar of stokes, light headedness, facial swelling, migraines, difficulty breathing cough, and upper limb edema are commonly seen in SVCS.

Description:The life-threatening sign of superior vena cava syndrome is "a. Cyanosis." This condition occurs when there is a blockage or compression of the superior vena cava, leading to impaired blood flow and potential cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin) due to reduced oxygenation.

Description:The early sign or symptom of superior vena cava syndrome is "a. Periorbital edema." This refers to swelling around the eyes and is often one of the first indications of the condition.

Description:In hypercalcemia, short QT interval is the most common findings, and this is contributed mainly by the shortening of ST segment.

Description:The priority nursing diagnosis for a patient with superior vena cava syndrome is "c. Ineffective breathing pattern." This condition can cause compression of the airways and lead to breathing difficulties, making it a critical concern for the patient's immediate well-being.

Description:All of the following are oncological metabolic emergencies except "a. Febrile neutropenia." Febrile neutropenia is a common complication of chemotherapy but is not a metabolic emergency. The other options (b. Tumor lysis syndrome, c. SIADH, and d. Hypercalcemia of malignancy) are all considered oncological metabolic emergencies.

Description:SIADH is characterized by impaired water excretion leading to hyponatremia with hypervolemia or euvolemia.

Description:The electrolyte imbalance observed in SIADH is "a. Sodium level 120 meq/l." SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone) is characterized by excessive retention of water, leading to dilutional hyponatremia and low sodium levels in the blood.

Description:Allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, reduces the conversion of nucleic acid byproducts to uric acid, in the way preventing urate nephropathy and subsequent oliguric renal failure.

Description:The Philadelphia chromosome is associated with "a. Leukemia." It is specifically linked to chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and some cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).