Description:The aim of medical management for benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is to improve symptoms, relieve obstruction, enhance bladder emptying, prevent urinary tract infections, and avoid renal damage. Therefore, the correct answer is d) All of the above.

Description:Patients who have undergone surgery for BPH should undergo routine rectal examinations to detect any potential development of prostate cancer. Therefore, the correct answer is a) Require routine rectal examination to detect the development of Ca prostate.

Description:Hormone therapy is not advised for a client with benign prostatic hypertrophy, it can further increase the growth of prostatic cells.

Description:The major clinical finding in prostatic enlargement is increased urinary frequency in an older man. Therefore, the correct answer is c) Increased urinary frequency in an old man.

Description:In a male patient, Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) is used to examine prostate for its size, shape and consistency by palpating the prostate through rectal wall as shown in the picture below.

Description:Surgical removal of the prostate through an endoscope is called TURP (Transurethral Resection of the Prostate). Therefore, the correct answer is b) TURP.

Description:Catheter provide decompression to the bladder and it prevent bladder distention and bleeding and thus. Promote hemostatic.

Description:A client with prostatectomy will experience a reduction in the production of seminal fluid. Therefore, the correct answer is c) Production of seminal fluid.

Description:Among the given options, hemorrhage is the complication that requires immediate attention in a patient who underwent prostatectomy. Hemorrhage refers to significant bleeding and can be life-threatening if not promptly addressed.

Description:When a client experiences bladder spasms during bladder irrigation with a three-way urinary catheter after prostatectomy, the best nursing advice is to reassure them that this feeling is normal and they should not try to urinate around the catheter. Bladder spasms can occur due to irritation from the catheter, and trying to urinate around it might worsen the discomfort.

Description:Most common cause of viral orchitis is the mumps. Vaccination against mumps can prevent orchitis

Description:The complete absence of seminal fluid upon ejaculation is known as aspermia. This condition results in the absence of semen during ejaculation.

Description:Azoospermia is a condition in which there is no sperm in the ejaculate. A patient has azoospermia if microscopic examination of two separate contracted semen sample reveals no sperm. Aspermia is the complete absence of seminal fluid upon ejaculation.

Description:Asthenospermia refers to reduced sperm motility, where the sperm cells have difficulty moving properly. This can impact their ability to reach and fertilize an egg.

Description:The presence of sperm with abnormal morphology that affects male fertility is known as teratozoospermia. This condition involves sperm with structural abnormalities that can hinder their ability to fertilize an egg.

Description:Normospermia refers to the presence of dead sperm in the semen. This condition indicates that although there are sperm present, they are not viable or alive, which can impact fertility.

Description:Causes of infertility in males include defective spermatogenesis (problems with sperm production), sexual dysfunction, and obstruction of the efferent duct (blocks in the pathways for sperm). Therefore, the correct answer is d) All of the above.

Description:Hydrocele is the collection of clear yellow fluid in the scrotum, leading to swelling. This condition can cause enlargement and discomfort in the scrotal area.

Description:Hematocele is the collection of blood in the tunica vaginalis layer of the testes. This can result in swelling and discomfort in the scrotal area due to the accumulation of blood.

Description:Dilation of the pampiniform venous plexus and the internal spermatic vein is known as a varicocele. This condition involves enlarged and twisted veins within the scrotum, potentially causing discomfort and affecting fertility.

Description:The sensation of a "bag of worms" feel in the testis is characteristic of a varicocele. This term describes the enlarged and twisted veins within the scrotum, giving a distinct texture resembling a bag of worms.

Description:Most varicoceles occur on the left side as result in the left spermatic vein draining into the left renal vein at 90 degree angle, compared to the right spermatic vein, which drains more directly into the inferior vena cava.

Description:The common complication of varicocele is infertility. Varicoceles can disrupt normal blood flow to the testicles, potentially leading to reduced sperm quality and production, which can affect a man's fertility.

Description:Infertility is defined as pregnancy not occurring even after having regular unprotected sex over the period of twelve months. This duration allows for a medical evaluation to determine potential underlying causes of the fertility issue.

Description:Post-testicular cause of infertility in male includes problem with structures distal to testiest such as congenital blockage vas deference. Hormonal problems are pretesticular, varicocele and testicular torsion are testicular cause of infertility.