Description:Pus formation in the socket of teeth, also known as a dental socket or gum pocket, is typically caused by periodontal disease. Periodontal disease is a condition that affects the gums and supporting structures of the teeth. It occurs when bacteria in the mouth form plaque on the teeth, which can then lead to inflammation of the gums. As the inflammation progresses, it can cause the gums to pull away from the teeth, creating pockets where bacteria can accumulate. In these pockets, bacteria multiply and release toxins that further irritate the gums and surrounding tissues. The body's immune response to this bacterial invasion leads to the formation of pus, which is a mixture of dead white blood cells, bacteria, and tissue debris. Pus is often a sign of infection and inflammation. If left untreated, periodontal disease can result in the destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth, including the bone. This can lead to tooth mobility, tooth loss, and other oral health complications. Regular dental care, proper oral hygiene practices, and professional cleanings are important for preventing and managing periodontal disease.

Description:Cracking of the lips, especially at the corners of the mouth, is known as angular cheilitis. This condition is characterized by redness, inflammation, and sometimes painful splits or fissures at the corners of the lips. It can also be accompanied by discomfort and a burning sensation. Angular cheilitis is usually caused by a combination of factors, such as: Moisture and Saliva: When saliva collects in the corners of the mouth, it can create an environment for bacteria and fungi to thrive, leading to irritation and cracking. Bacterial or Fungal Infections: Microorganisms like bacteria and fungi can take advantage of the warm, moist environment and cause infections in the corners of the mouth. Nutritional Deficiencies: Lack of certain vitamins, particularly B vitamins like riboflavin (B2) and niacin (B3), can contribute to the development of angular cheilitis. Allergies or Irritation: Some people might have allergies to certain foods, products, or dental materials that come into contact with their lips, exacerbating the condition. Poor Oral Hygiene: Not keeping the corners of the mouth clean or licking the lips excessively can worsen the irritation. To treat angular cheilitis, it's important to address the underlying causes. This might involve applying soothing ointments to the affected areas, keeping the corners of the mouth dry, maintaining good oral hygiene, and addressing any nutritional deficiencies. In cases where infections are present, a healthcare professional might recommend topical or oral medications to clear up the infection.

Description:Lead poisoning is a type of metal poisoning and a medical condition in human and other vertebrates caused by increased levels of the heavy metal lead in the body. Lead poisoning is also known as plumbism, colicapictonum. Saturnism. Devon colic, or painter’s colic.

Description:Decrease in frequency of bowel movement associated with difficulty in passage of hard stool is termed as: b. Constipation.

Description:Increase in number of stool and the passage of liquid, unformed feces is termed as: a. Diarrhea

Description:A varicose vein at or near the anus is known as: b. Hemorrhoids.

Description:Blood in sputum is medically referred to as hemoptysis. Hemoptysis is the presence of blood in the sputum or mucus that is coughed up from the respiratory tract. It can be caused by a variety of conditions, including infections, lung diseases (such as bronchitis, pneumonia, or lung cancer), pulmonary embolism, and other disorders affecting the respiratory system. The color and amount of blood in the sputum can provide important diagnostic information about the underlying cause. Hemoptysis should be evaluated by a healthcare professional to determine its origin and appropriate management.

Description:Blood in vomitus is medically known as hematemesis. Hematemesis refers to the presence of blood in the vomit, typically resulting from bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract. This can be caused by various underlying conditions, such as peptic ulcers, esophageal varices, gastritis, Mallory-Weiss tear, or even malignancies affecting the stomach or esophagus. Hematemesis can range in appearance from bright red to dark, coffee-ground-like in color, indicating the degree and location of bleeding. It is essential to promptly identify the cause of hematemesis through medical evaluation and diagnostic tests to determine the appropriate treatment and management strategy for the underlying condition.

Description:The statement "The act of assisting others in the provision and management of self-care to maintain or improve human functioning at home level of effectiveness" is proposed by: b. Dorothea Orem.

Description:The definition of nursing "The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery" is stated by: c. Virginia Henderson.

Description:The phrase that best describes 'the science of nursing' is: c. Body of nursing knowledge.

Description:The institution that has given the definition "Nursing encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities sick or well and in all settings" in the year 2002 is: d. ICN (International Council of Nurses).

Description:The agency that defines nursing and its values as "Nursing the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response" is: c. American Nurses Association.

Description:The definition given by Florence Nightingale mainly focuses on: d. Utilizing the environment for recovery.

Description:The Adaption Model of Nursing with five major needs for human physiology was developed by: a. Callista Roy.

Description:The word "Nurse" is derived from the Latin word "NutriX," which refers to the actual meaning of: c. Nourish.

Description:By performing the appropriate diagnosis for a condition and treating the condition with the actual intervention and evaluating the result will enhance the knowledge based practice and limit the occurrence of error.

Description:The International Council of Nurses (ICN) was first established in the year: b. 1953.

Description:In 1836, Pastor Theodor Fliedner established to Kaiserwerth school for nursing in his parish in Kaiserwerth, Germany. It was one of the first formally established school of nursing in the world. Florence Nightingale established St. Thomas’ Hospital and the Nightingale Training school for Nurse in 1860.

Description:International nurses’ day is celebrated on May 12, which is the birth day of Florence Nightingale

Description:Florence Nightingale, a pioneering figure in the field of nursing, was born on May 12th, 1820. She is widely recognized as the founder of modern nursing and is celebrated for her significant contributions to healthcare and patient care reforms. Born into a wealthy and privileged British family, Nightingale defied societal expectations by choosing a career in nursing, which was not a typical profession for women of her time. During the Crimean War (1853-1856), Nightingale gained prominence for her remarkable efforts in providing nursing care to wounded soldiers. She and a team of nurses that she personally trained cared for the sick and injured at the Barrack Hospital in Scutari, Turkey. Her dedication to hygiene, sanitation, and proper nursing practices significantly reduced the mortality rate among the soldiers. Nightingale's impact extended beyond her immediate nursing duties. She meticulously collected and analyzed data on mortality rates, leading her to emphasize the importance of a clean and healthy environment in patient care. Her statistical work laid the foundation for modern epidemiology and healthcare statistics. Her experiences during the war also prompted her to write extensively on healthcare reforms, influencing policy changes and improving medical practices. In 1860, Nightingale established the first formal nursing training school at St. Thomas' Hospital in London, elevating nursing to a respected and educated profession. Her emphasis on education, evidence-based practice, and ethics helped shape the modern nursing curriculum. Her teachings and writings, including her seminal work "Notes on Nursing," continue to influence nursing education and practice to this day. Florence Nightingale's legacy transcends time and borders. Her birth on May 12th, 1820, marks the beginning of a remarkable journey that revolutionized nursing care, improved healthcare systems, and established a foundation for the compassionate and professional care of patients worldwide. Her tireless dedication, visionary leadership, and commitment to patient well-being make her an enduring inspiration for nurses and healthcare professionals across the globe.

Description:In 1860, Florence Nightingale set up the first nursing training school at: a. St. Thomas’ Hospital, London.

Description:The ICN theme for International Nurses Day 2017 was: d. Nurses: A voice to lead - achieving the sustainable development goals.

Description:The ICN theme for International Nurses Day 2016 was: b. Nurses: A force for change - Improving Health Systems.

Description:Dependence is the state or relying on or being controlled by someone and it is undesirable quality. The nurse is expected to have professional nursing values such as principles of human dignity, integrity, altruism and justice.