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NATIONAL AND STATE NURSING EXAM- MCQ _MG_00 158
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1. The primary purpose of the patient record is:
a. Funding
b. Communication
c. Education
d. Research
Answer: b. Communication
Description:The primary purpose of a patient record is to facilitate communication among healthcare providers involved in a patient's care. Patient records contain essential medical information that helps healthcare professionals coordinate and provide appropriate care to the patient. This information includes medical history, diagnosis, treatment plans, medications, test results, and other relevant data. Effective communication through patient records ensures that all members of the healthcare team are well-informed about the patient's condition, leading to better and more coordinated care.
2. Which of the following records refers to short and objective description of incidents or events that are important to the observer?
a. Investigation report
b. Anecdotal record
c. Admission record
d. Observation checklist
Answer: b. Anecdotal record
Description:Anecdotal records are short and objective descriptions of incidents or events that are important to the observer. These records are often used in educational or behavioral settings to document specific behaviors, interactions, or occurrences. They provide valuable insights into an individual's actions, reactions, and patterns of behavior. Anecdotal records help educators, caregivers, or researchers gain a deeper understanding of the subject's behavior and can be useful for making informed decisions and interventions.
3. All of the following are principles of record writing; EXCEPT:
a. Error-free
b. Accurate
c. Use standard abbreviation
d. Data redundancy
Answer: d. Data redundancy
Description:Principles of record writing emphasize accuracy, being error-free, and using standard abbreviations. However, data redundancy is not a principle of record writing. Data redundancy refers to the unnecessary repetition of data, which can lead to confusion and inefficiency. Effective record writing aims to provide concise and accurate information without unnecessary duplication.
4. What is the primary purpose of an incident report?
a. Identifying risks
b. Audiotape report
c. Disciplinary action
d. Staff evaluation
Answer: a. Identifying risks
Description:The primary purpose of an incident report is to identify risks, potential hazards, or events that have led to unexpected outcomes or adverse incidents. Incident reports are used in various fields, including healthcare, workplace safety, and other industries, to document and analyze incidents that may have caused harm or could potentially lead to harm in the future. These reports help organizations identify trends, assess risks, and implement strategies to prevent similar incidents from occurring in the future. The focus is on improving safety and preventing recurrence rather than staff evaluation or disciplinary action.
5. How would the nurse record smoking history on a patient who has smoked 2.5 packs of cigarettes per day for 10 years?
a. Patient has a 12.5 pack-year smoking history
b. Patient has smoked cigarettes for 10 years
c. Patient smokes 2.5 packs of cigarettes per day
d. Patient has a 25 pack-year smoking history
Answer: d. Patient has a 25 pack-year smoking history
Description:A "pack-year" is a unit used to quantify the amount of smoking a person has done over time. It is calculated by multiplying the number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day by the number of years the person has smoked. In this case, the patient has smoked 2.5 packs of cigarettes per day for 10 years, resulting in a total of 25 pack-years of smoking history. This is the most accurate way to record the patient's smoking history.
6. Which of the following is not a heart loss mechanism from the body?
a. Conduction
b. Evaporation
c. Convection
d. Diffusion
Answer: d. Diffusion
Description:Diffusion is a process by which particles move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. It is a mechanism by which substances can move across cell membranes or through fluids. While diffusion is not typically considered a mechanism of heart loss from the body, conduction, convection, and evaporation are mechanisms related to heat loss from the body: a. Conduction: Heat transfer through direct contact between objects of different temperatures. b. Convection: Heat transfer through the movement of air or fluid, carrying heat away from the body. c. Evaporation: Heat loss through the conversion of liquid to vapor, such as through sweating.
7. Before taking temperature, thermometer needs to be cleaned from:
a. Bulb to stem
b. Middle to stem
c. Stem to bulb
d. Middle to bulb
Answer: a. Bulb to stem
Description:When cleaning a thermometer before taking someone's temperature, it's important to clean it from the bulb (the end that goes under the tongue or in the ear) to the stem (the part that you hold). This helps prevent any potential contamination from the patient's mouth or ear from spreading to the thermometer's handle or stem, which you might touch during the process. This practice helps maintain hygiene and minimize the risk of cross-contamination.
8. Cleaning of thermometer needs to be done in…………………direction after taking temperature
a. Midway between stem and bulb to stem
b. Stem to bulb
c. Midway between stem and bulb to bulb
d. Bulb to stem
Answer: a. Midway between stem and bulb to stem
Description:After taking temperature, cleaning has to be done from stem to bulb, i.e., more clean to less area. Before taking temperature, it has to be cleaned from bulb to stem.
9. The nurse in charge measures a patient’s temperature at 102℉. What is the equivalent centigrade temperature?
a. 48.1 degree
b. 39 degree
c. 38.9 degree
d. 49 degree
Answer: c. 38.9 degree
Description:To convert Fahrenheit scale to Celsius scale: C= (F-32) x 5/9 C = (102-32)x5/9 C=70x5/9 C=38.9°
10. The type of fever in which the temperature fluctuates more than 2℃, all above normal, during a 24 hours period is:
a. Recurrent fever
b. Remittent fever
c. Intermittent fever
d. Relapsing fever
Answer: b. Remittent fever
Description:Intermittent fever is a type of fever in which there is an interval where temperature is elevated for several hours followed by an interval where temperature drops back to normal. Recurrent fever can be a symptoms of various illness such as periodic fevers, aphthous ulcers, pharyngitis and adenopathy. Replasing fever is a vector-borne disease caused by bacteria in the genus Borrelia, which are transmitted through the bites of lice or soft-bodied ticks.
11. What is the normal ‘oral temperature’ of an adult?
a. 90.6 ℉
b. 98.6℉
c. 90.0℉
d. 91.5℉
Answer: b. 98.6℉
Description:98.6℉ is the normal ‘Oral temperature’ of an adult. Rectal temperature is 0.5 ℃ or 1℉ higher than oral temperature while axillary temperature is 1℉ less than the oral temperature.
12. Which of the following method is the most appropriate to measure temperature in patient who underwent oral surgery?
a. Central line
b. Axilla
c. Rectal
d. Oral
Answer: b. Axilla
Description:Taking temperature from axilla is the most appropriate method and easily accessible site in this client. Oral method is incorrect as the patient underwent oral surgery.
13. What is the difference in temperature between oral cavity and rectum in a patient at same time?
a. 3 ℉
b. 1℉
c. 0.5℉
d. 2℉
Answer: b. 1℉
Description:Oral temperature is 1℉ higher than axillary and 1℉ less than rectum.
14. If highest temperature is recorded in the morning and lowest temperature is recorded in the morning and lowest temperature in the evening. This kind of fever is known as:
a. Inverse fever
b. Crisis
c. Lysis
d. Remittent fever
Answer: a. Inverse fever
Description:In inverse fever, the temperature rises in the morning rather than in the evening. Option b means fall in temperature in a zig-zag manner. Option c means sudden return to normal temperature. Option d, remittent fever refers to a fever pattern in which temperature varies during each 24 hours period but never reaches normal.
15. Rectal thermometer needs to be inserted up to:
a. 0.1-1.5 inch
b. 2-3 inch
c. 1-2 inch
d. 1.5-2.5 inch
Answer: a. 0.1-1.5 inch
Description:Rectal thermometer needs to be inserted up to 0.5-1.5 inch.
16. Relapsing fever is characterized by:
a. Recurring episodes of fever
b. The fall of temperature in zig-zag manner to normal
c. In the morning, temperature is higher than the evening
d. Temperature comes to normal at least once in a day.
Answer: a. Recurring episodes of fever
Description:Relapsing fever is characterized by recurring episodes of fever separated by periods of normal or near-normal body temperature. This pattern of fever is often seen in certain infectious diseases, such as certain types of bacterial infections transmitted by ticks or lice. The fever episodes are usually followed by periods of relative wellness before the fever recurs. This is in contrast to continuous fever patterns where the fever remains elevated without significant fluctuations.
17. Sudden return to normal temperature form a very high temperature within a few hours.
a. Crisis
b. Continuous fever
c. Lysis
d. Remittent fever
Answer: a. Crisis
Description:A sudden return to normal temperature from a very high temperature within a few hours is characteristic of a fever pattern called a "crisis." In a crisis fever pattern, the fever drops rapidly and dramatically, often accompanied by sweating and an overall feeling of relief. This is in contrast to other fever patterns like remittent fever (fluctuating fever that remains elevated but varies), continuous fever (consistent fever without significant fluctuations), and lysis (gradual decline in fever over a longer period)
18. Sudden fall of temperature is called:
a. Crisis
b. Relapse
c. Lysis
d. Quotidian
Answer: c. Lysis
Description:A sudden fall of temperature is called "lysis." This term refers to the gradual decline or resolution of fever over a period of time. It's the opposite of a "crisis," which is a rapid and dramatic drop in temperature. In a lysis fever pattern, the temperature gradually returns to normal levels without the abruptness seen in a crisis.
19. The correct equipment used for taking temperature is:
a. Stethoscope
b. Sphygmomanometer
c. Thermometer
d. ECG
Answer: c. Thermometer
Description:The correct equipment used for taking temperature is a thermometer. A thermometer is a medical device used to measure body temperature accurately. Stethoscopes are used to listen to sounds within the body, sphygmomanometers are used to measure blood pressure, and ECG (electrocardiogram) equipment is used to monitor the electrical activity of the heart.
20. Who invented thermometer:
a. Celsius
b. Galileo Galilee
c. Lord kelvin
d. Thomas J. Manning
Answer: b. Galileo Galilee
Description:Galileo Galilei is often credited with inventing the thermometer in the early 17th century. He is known for developing a rudimentary device that could measure changes in temperature using the expansion and contraction of air inside a glass bulb connected to a thin tube. While Galileo's thermometer concept was a significant step in the development of temperature measurement devices, later scientists and inventors, including Anders Celsius, made improvements and refinements to the thermometer design.
21. A clinical thermometer indicates temperature in degree Fahrenheit from:
a. 94 to 108
b. 94 to 110
c. 96 to 108
d. 96 to 110
Answer: a. 94 to 108
Description:A clinical thermometer typically indicates temperature in degrees Fahrenheit and is calibrated to measure temperatures within the range of 94 to 108 degrees Fahrenheit. This range covers the typical human body temperature range and is used for accurate measurement of fever or body temperature variations.
22. The fall of temperature step by step in a zig-zag manner is termed:
a. Lysis
b. Thermostasis
c. Crisis
d. Homeostasis
Answer: a. Lysis
Description:The fall of temperature step by step in a zig-zag manner is termed "lysis." Lysis refers to a gradual decline or resolution of fever over a period of time. This pattern is characterized by the temperature decreasing in a more gradual and fluctuating manner compared to a sudden and rapid drop seen in a "crisis" fever pattern. Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment, and thermostasis is not a commonly used term in this context.
23. Assessment of rectal temperature is recommended if patient
a. Arm in a cast
b. Gastrostomy feeding tubes
c. External hemorrhoids
d. Nasal packing
Answer: a. Arm in a cast
Description:Assessment of rectal temperature is recommended if the patient has their arm in a cast. This is because when certain parts of the body are immobilized, such as when the arm is in a cast, it might be difficult or impractical to take oral or axillary (underarm) temperatures. In such cases, rectal temperature measurement can provide a more accurate representation of the patient's core body temperature. However, it's important to note that rectal temperature measurement might not be suitable for all patients, and healthcare professionals should consider the patient's condition, preferences, and any contraindications before choosing the appropriate method of temperature assessment.
24. Temperature regulation is under the control of:
a. Pineal gland
b. Pituitary gland
c. Hypothalamus
d. Lungs
Answer: c. Hypothalamus
Description:Temperature regulation is primarily controlled by the hypothalamus, a region of the brain located near the base of the brain. The hypothalamus acts as the body's thermostat and helps maintain a relatively constant internal body temperature, known as homeostasis. It receives input from temperature sensors in the body and responds by triggering various physiological responses to adjust temperature, such as shivering to generate heat or sweating to cool down. The hypothalamus also plays a crucial role in coordinating other responses related to temperature, like changes in blood flow and metabolic rate.
25. In a child with fever, oxygen demand increases because:
a. Metabolic need increases
b. Patient is less active
c. Patient is more alert
d. Blood sugar level decreases
Answer: a. Metabolic need increases
Description:In a child with fever, the oxygen demand increases primarily because the metabolic needs of the body rise. Fever is often associated with an increase in metabolic rate as the body's immune response activates to fight off infection or illness. This increased metabolic activity requires more oxygen to support the body's energy demands. As a result, the respiratory rate and depth may also increase as the body attempts to supply more oxygen to the tissues and remove the byproducts of metabolism.
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