Description:All are the techniques used in physical examination. Inspection refers to observation. Palpation means touch and find out, percussion refers to tap the body and listen to the sound produced auscultation is technique used in physical examination.

Description:a. Quality care: Staff nurses are responsible for providing high-quality care to patients. This involves administering medications, performing medical procedures, monitoring vital signs, and ensuring the overall well-being of patients. b. Observation and reporting: Staff nurses need to closely observe and assess patients' conditions. They are responsible for recognizing any changes or deterioration in patients' health and promptly reporting these observations to the appropriate medical personnel. c. Record keeping: Maintaining accurate and up-to-date medical records is an essential responsibility of staff nurses. They document patient information, medical history, treatments, medications administered, and other relevant details to ensure continuity of care and effective communication among healthcare providers. So, all of the mentioned responsibilities (a, b, and c) are typically part of the duties of a staff nurse.

Description:Above given definition indicates case management. Team based care means redistribution of work among members of a practicing team. Patient navigation care means an individual or patient navigator helps the individual to go through treatment and care. Primary care is the day to day healthcare given by healthcare provider. Typically this provider acts as first level of contacting and principles point of continuing care.

Description:Functional nursing is task oriented. Team nursing is decision making that occurs over a single shift; largely by team leader or nurse manager. In total patient care, decision-making occurs over a single shift-by an RN caring for the patient by a charge nurse.

Description:In functional nursing, tasks are divided and assigned based on the specific skills and expertise of the nursing staff rather than focusing on individual patients. Each nurse is assigned a specific task or set of tasks to perform for all patients, rather than being responsible for the care of a particular patient. This type of nursing modality is often used in situations where efficiency and specialization are prioritized, but it can also have drawbacks in terms of continuity of care and a holistic approach to patient care.

Description:Case method is the oldest method of patient care delivery. One professional nurse assumes total responsibilities of providing complete care to one or more patients. This methods is frequently used in ICU’s

Description:In long term care facilities, such as nursing homes or skilled nursing facilities, clients are often referred to as "residents." This terminology reflects the more permanent and extended nature of care provided in these settings compared to acute care hospitals or day care centers. Residents in long term care facilities may require assistance with activities of daily living and medical care due to chronic illnesses, disabilities, or other conditions that require ongoing support.

Description:In a hospital setting, the primary responsibility for informing the patient about surgery, including possible outcomes, complications, and benefits, lies with the surgeon. Surgeons are the medical professionals who will perform the surgical procedure, and they are responsible for discussing the procedure with the patient, obtaining informed consent, and addressing any questions or concerns the patient may have. While nurses play a crucial role in patient care and education, the detailed information about the surgery itself and its potential outcomes is typically provided by the surgeon or the surgical team. Nurses may assist in conveying information, providing support, and helping patients prepare for the surgery, but the ultimate responsibility for explaining the surgical details usually falls on the surgeon.

Description:Functional nursing is a patient care model that divides tasks among nursing staff based on their specific skills and expertise. This model can be suitable when there are many patients but very few nurses available. By focusing on specific tasks, nurses can efficiently address the needs of a larger number of patients. In situations with limited staffing, functional nursing allows each nurse to concentrate on their designated tasks, making the best use of the available resources. However, it's important to note that while functional nursing can be efficient in terms of task completion, it may have limitations in providing holistic and patient-centered care due to the division of responsibilities.

Description:Total patient care is the most common patient care model for student nurses. In this model, each student nurse is assigned responsibility for the care of one or more patients under the supervision of a registered nurse or clinical instructor. This allows students to gain experience in providing comprehensive care to patients and understanding the various aspects of patient management. In contrast: a. Primary nursing: Involves a registered nurse taking full responsibility for the care of a group of patients throughout their hospital stay. b. Task nursing: Involves assigning specific tasks to different nursing personnel based on their skills and expertise, similar to functional nursing. c. Team nursing: Involves a team of healthcare professionals, including registered nurses, licensed practical nurses, and nursing assistants, working collaboratively to provide care to a group of patients.

Description:Surgical asepsis, also known as sterile technique, is the appropriate technique for wound dressing. It involves creating and maintaining a sterile environment to prevent the introduction of harmful microorganisms into the wound or the surrounding area. This technique is crucial in situations where wounds are being treated or dressed to minimize the risk of infection and promote proper wound healing. Medical asepsis (option a) is a practice that reduces the number of microorganisms and prevents their spread, but it may not necessarily maintain the same level of sterility required for wound dressing. Septic technique (option c) involves practices that can introduce or spread microorganisms and is not appropriate for wound dressing. Option d, "Medical and surgical asepsis," is not the most accurate answer because surgical asepsis is the specific technique used for wound dressing, while medical asepsis pertains more to general infection control practices that are not as stringent as surgical asepsis.

Description:A disinfectant is a chemical agent or substance that is used to kill or inhibit the growth of pathogenic (disease-causing) bacteria and other microorganisms on surfaces, objects, or in the environment. Disinfectants are commonly used in healthcare settings, laboratories, and other areas to reduce the risk of infection by eliminating or reducing the presence of harmful microorganisms. They are not typically used on living tissues like antiseptics, but rather on surfaces and inanimate objects.

Description:Surgical asepsis (sterile technique); Practices that keep an area or object free from all microorganism non-pathogenic and pathogenic including spores and viruses.

Description:Surgical asepsis or “Sterile technique” is used in surgery and invasive procedure. It aims to prevent entry of microorganism into the body, sterilizing all equipment and at killing all microorganism and spores (sterilization). Whereas the medical asepsis or ‘clean technique’ that involves procedures to reduce the number and transmission of pathogens.

Description:Team-based care in nursing focuses on providing patient care in collaboration with a multidisciplinary healthcare team, including doctors, nurses, therapists, social workers, and other professionals. It involves integrating the expertise and perspectives of various team members to ensure comprehensive and holistic patient care. This approach recognizes the importance of addressing not only the patient's medical needs but also their psychological, emotional, and family-related needs. Primary care (option d) refers to the basic healthcare services provided by healthcare professionals who act as the patient's first point of contact within the healthcare system. While primary care is important, it doesn't necessarily encompass the specific focus on family needs and multidisciplinary collaboration mentioned in the question. Options b and c (case management and patient navigation) involve roles that can be related to coordinating and managing care for patients, but they don't directly capture the concept of providing patient care along with family needs within a multidisciplinary team, as mentioned in the question.

Description:Collaborative interventions in healthcare refer to therapies or interventions that involve the cooperation and contributions of multiple healthcare professionals from different disciplines. These professionals work together to address the complex needs of a patient. Collaborative interventions often require coordinated efforts between physicians, nurses, therapists, social workers, pharmacists, and other healthcare team members to provide comprehensive and effective care. While options a, b, and c involve healthcare professionals collaborating to some extent, the term "collaborative intervention" specifically implies the involvement of multiple healthcare professionals,

Description:Surgical needles come in various shapes and sizes to suit different types of suturing and surgical procedures. The options listed describe some common configurations of surgical needles: a. 5/8 circle: This refers to a curved needle with a curvature resembling 5/8 of a full circle. It's commonly used for suturing in confined spaces. b. Straight: Straight needles are used for certain suturing techniques, particularly when suturing through tissues that are easily accessible. c. 1/4 circle: This refers to a curved needle with a curvature resembling 1/4 of a full circle. It's used for specific procedures that require a more pronounced curve in the needle. So, surgical needles can be either curved (5/8 circle, 1/4 circle) or straight, depending on the specific requirements of the surgical procedure.

Description:Thumb forceps, which are also known as tissue forceps or dressing forceps, are sometimes colloquially referred to as "mouse's teeth" due to their serrated tips that resemble the teeth of a mouse. These forceps are commonly used in medical and surgical procedures for grasping and holding tissues, dressings, or other objects. The serrations on the tips help provide a better grip and hold on the materials being handled. Options a, b, and c (needle holder, mosquito forceps, and Kelly's forceps) refer to different types of surgical instruments with specific purposes.

Description:A hygrometer is an instrument used to measure the humidity or moisture content in the air. It provides information about the amount of water vapor present in the air, which is an important factor in understanding and monitoring atmospheric conditions. Other instruments mentioned, such as anemometer (a device for measuring wind speed), barometer (used to measure atmospheric pressure), and Six's thermometer (a type of thermometer), are not specifically designed for measuring humidity.

Description:An agent that has the power to kill bacteria is referred to as "bactericidal." Bactericidal agents are substances or treatments that are capable of directly killing bacterial cells, thereby eliminating them from the environment or the area being treated. This is in contrast to "bacteriostatic" agents, which inhibit the growth and reproduction of bacteria without necessarily killing them. Antiseptics (option a) are substances that are used on living tissues to inhibit the growth of microorganisms and prevent infections. Disinfectants (option d) are used on inanimate objects and surfaces to kill or reduce microorganisms. While both antiseptics and disinfectants can be bactericidal, the term "bactericidal" more specifically refers to agents that directly kill bacteria.

Description:Asepsis refers to the state of being free from disease-causing organisms or preventing their introduction into a sterile area or environment. It involves practices and techniques that aim to maintain a sterile and clean environment to minimize the risk of infections. Aseptic techniques are used in various healthcare settings, including surgeries, wound care, and laboratory work, to prevent the spread of pathogens and maintain patient safety.

Description:"Wash hands, wear clean gloves, remove soiled dressing, remove gloves, wash hands, wear sterile gloves, prepare sterile field." This sequence of steps ensures proper aseptic technique when irrigating a draining wound with sterile saline solution. Here's the breakdown of the steps: Wash hands: Always start with proper hand hygiene to prevent the transfer of microorganisms. Wear clean gloves: Clean gloves are worn to remove the soiled dressing from the wound site. Remove soiled dressing: Using clean gloves, carefully remove the soiled dressing from the wound site. Remove gloves: After removing the soiled dressing, remove the clean gloves to avoid contaminating them with any potential wound discharge. Wash hands: Wash your hands again to maintain hand hygiene. Wear sterile gloves: Put on sterile gloves to ensure a sterile environment when working with the wound and sterile saline solution. Prepare sterile field: Create a sterile field for the wound irrigation, ensuring that all materials and solutions used within the sterile field are considered sterile. It's important to follow proper aseptic technique to prevent introducing contaminants and to maintain a clean and safe environment for wound care procedures.

Description:Putting on the dominant hand glove first can minimize the risk of ripping or contamination to the hand that is likely used most.

Description:Forceps soaked in disinfectant are not considered sterile. Surgical asepsis involves maintaining a sterile environment to prevent the introduction of microorganisms into a sterile field. Disinfectant is used to reduce the number of microorganisms on surfaces but does not achieve the same level of sterility required for surgical procedures. The other statements (a, b, and c) are correct regarding surgical asepsis: a. Sterile objects should be held above the level of waist to prevent potential contamination from non-sterile areas below the waist. b. One inch of the outside edge of a sterile field is considered contaminated to create a buffer zone between sterile and non-sterile areas. c. It's important to avoid reaching across a sterile field to prevent accidental contamination.

Description:Obtaining informed consent before a medical procedure is primarily the responsibility of the physician or the healthcare provider who will be performing the procedure. Informed consent is a legal and ethical requirement that ensures patients understand the nature of the procedure, its potential risks and benefits, and any available alternatives before giving their consent to undergo the procedure. While nurses (option d) play a role in assisting with the informed consent process by answering patient questions and providing information, the ultimate responsibility for obtaining the informed consent lies with the physician. The other options (b and c) are not typically directly involved in obtaining informed consent for medical procedures.