Description:"gtt" stands for "a. Drop." It's often used in medical contexts to indicate the number of drops of a liquid medication or solution to be administered. The term "gtt" comes from the Latin word "gutta," which means "drop."

Description:Sizes of cannula: • 14G – (Orange adolescent and adult • 16G – (Grey) adolescent and adult major surgery and trauma • 18G – (Green) adolescent and adult major surgery and trauma • 20G – (Pink) older children, adolescent and adult • 22G – (Blue) older children, adolescent and elderly adult • 24G – (Yellow) neonate, infant and toddler.

Description:" The model you're describing is "a. Parse’s Human becoming theory." The Human Becoming Theory, developed by Rosemarie Rizzo Parse, focuses on the individual's experience of health and illness, the ways in which people make choices in their lives, and their dynamic relationship with stress and reconstitution factors. This theory emphasizes the importance of understanding each person's unique perspective and choices in relation to their health and well-being. The other options you mentioned ("b. Universality theory," "c. Ray’s Adaptation model," and "d. Neuman’s system model") do not fully match the description you provided.

Description:The Neuman systems model views the client as an open system that responds to stressor in the environment. Roy’s theory of nursing sees the individual as a set of interrelated system such as biological, psychological and social. Florence Nightingale developed environmental theory of nursing which believed “Health surroundings (environment) were necessary for proper nursing care”. Scudder theory of nursing describes discipline of nursing should be a human science because it studies how nurses care for patients.

Description: The theory you're referring to is "b. Orem’s theory," also known as the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory. This theory, developed by Dorothea Orem, emphasizes the importance of self-care and how nurses can assist clients in achieving optimal health by providing the necessary care when clients are unable to meet their own self-care needs. The other options ("a. Nightingale theory," "c. Peplau’s theory," and "d. Roy’s theory") are associated with different nursing theories that focus on various aspects of nursing and healthcare.

Description:As per Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, physiological needs must be met first. These include food, water, oxygen, warmth and rest. Out of all options, oxygen is the highest priority as it is must for survival. Without oxygen survival is not possible even for few minutes.

Description: The highest level of need according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs is "d. Self-actualization." This level represents the realization of one's potential, personal growth, and achieving one's fullest capabilities. It encompasses self-awareness, personal development, and the pursuit of creative, intellectual, and spiritual activities. Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory that arranges human needs in a pyramid, with basic physiological needs at the bottom and self-actualization at the top.

Description:The four major concepts in nursing theory are "c. Nursing, Person, Environment, Health." These concepts form the foundation of nursing theories and guide the practice of nursing. The nursing process revolves around the interaction between these four elements: the nurse's role, the individual receiving care (person), the surroundings in which care is provided (environment), and the overall well-being and wellness (health) of the person.

Description:"Nursing is a theoretical body of knowledge that prescribes analysis and action to care for an ill person" is not attributed to "a. Callista Roy." The correct answer is "b. Virginia Henderson." Virginia Henderson is known for her definition of nursing as "the unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge." This definition emphasizes the role of the nurse in helping individuals achieve independence in their own care.

Description:The statement "the nurse/patient relationship evolves through orientation, identification, exploitation, and resolution" is attributed to "c. Hildegard Peplau." Hildegard Peplau's nursing theory, known as the Interpersonal Relations Theory, focuses on the nurse-patient relationship and the phases of this relationship as mentioned in the statement. It highlights the importance of therapeutic communication and interaction between the nurse and the patient.

Description:The system model that focuses on the response of the client system to actual or potential environmental stressors was developed by Betty Neuman. This model is known as the Neuman Systems Model, and it emphasizes the interaction between the client's physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual variables with the environmental stressors that impact health and wellness.

Description:The self-care theory was developed by Dorothea Orem. This theory, often referred to as the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory, focuses on the idea that individuals are capable of taking care of themselves to maintain their health and well-being. Nurses can help individuals meet their self-care needs by assessing their abilities and providing assistance when there is a self-care deficit.

Description:The conservation principles of energy, structural integrity, personal integrity, and social integrity were described by Myra Levine, not Levin.

Description:Maslow's hierarchy of needs is often depicted as a pyramid, with physiological needs forming the base of the pyramid and representing the most fundamental and essential needs, such as food, water, shelter, and sleep. As these physiological needs are satisfied, individuals move up the hierarchy to address safety, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization needs in that order.

Description:The components of the nursing paradigm include the individual or persons receiving care, the concept of health, the environment in which care is provided, and the role of nursing itself. This framework provides the foundational elements that guide nursing practice and theory.

Description:In this situation, the nurse's first priority should be to assess the client's responsiveness and ensure their safety. Before taking any other actions, the nurse should determine if the client is conscious and able to respond. This assessment helps determine the appropriate course of action and the need for further assistance.

Description:Constriction of pupil is not a sign of cardiopulmonary arrest. It is seen in opioid poisoning.

Description:In adult CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) performed by a single rescuer, the recommended compression to ventilation ratio is 30 compressions followed by 2 ventilations. This means that after 30 chest compressions, the rescuer should provide 2 rescue breaths. This ratio helps maintain effective blood circulation and oxygenation during CPR.

Description:In adult CPR performed by two rescuers, the recommended compression to ventilation ratio is also 30 compressions followed by 2 ventilations. This ratio helps ensure adequate circulation and oxygenation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Description:In child and infant CPR performed by a single rescuer, the recommended compression to ventilation ratio is 30 compressions followed by 2 ventilations. This ratio helps provide effective circulation and oxygenation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation for children and infants.

Description:During CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) in an infant with two rescuers, the compression-ventilation ratio is typically 15:2. This means that for every 15 chest compressions, there should be 2 ventilations (breaths) given.

Description:During CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) in a neonate (newborn infant), the compression-ventilation ratio is typically 3:1. This means that for every 3 chest compressions, there should be 1 ventilation (breath) given.

Description:In one-person CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation), the recommended rate of chest compressions for both adults and children is 120-140 compressions per minute.

Description:When checking the carotid pulse (the pulse located on the side of the neck), you should do so for a period of 5-10 seconds. This is enough time to assess the presence, rate, and regularity of the pulse without causing discomfort to the individual. Checking for a longer duration can be unnecessary and delay necessary interventions in emergency situations.

Description:When responding to an unresponsive victim, the first step is to check for signs of life and responsiveness. If the victim is unresponsive and not breathing normally (or only gasping), you should start chest compressions immediately after checking for the carotid pulse and finding it absent or weak. Option c is the correct approach. It's important to initiate chest compressions promptly in cases of cardiac arrest to increase the chances of survival.