Description:An antiretroviral agent is a type of medication used to treat infections caused by retroviruses, especially HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). These medications work by inhibiting the replication of the virus in the body. Among the options provided: a. Acyclovir is not an antiretroviral agent; it is primarily used to treat herpes virus infections. b. Rifampicin is not an antiretroviral agent; it is used to treat tuberculosis and other bacterial infections. c. Nevirapine is an antiretroviral agent; it is used to treat HIV infection by inhibiting the replication of the virus. d. Cifran is not an antiretroviral agent; it is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections. So, the correct answer is "c. Nevirapine" as it is an antiretroviral agent used to treat HIV infection.

Description:Zidovudine, also known as AZT (azidothymidine), is an antiretroviral medication used to slow down the progression of HIV infection and reduce the risk of developing AIDS-related complications. It belongs to a class of drugs called nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and helps inhibit the replication of the virus in the body. The other options (a. Ampicillin, c. Gentamycin, d. Acyclovir) are not typically used as primary treatments for HIV or AIDS.

Description:zidovudine interfere with viral replication by inhibition of DNA synthesis in HIV

Description:To be effective, zidovudine must be taken at every 4 hours around the clock.

Description:Treatment with Zidovudine (antiretroviral agent) leads to reduced neutrophils in blood (neutropenia)

Description:Hepatotoxicity refers to the potential for a drug to cause liver damage or liver-related problems. While hepatotoxicity can be associated with some medications used in the treatment of HIV (antiretroviral agents), it is not a specific antiretroviral agent itself. Myopathy, bone marrow depression, and hemolytic anemia are side effects or complications that can occur in individuals taking certain medications, but they are not medications themselves.

Description:Zidovudine can lead to bone marrow suppression, which may result in a decrease in the production of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. This side effect can cause anemia (low red blood cell count), neutropenia (low white blood cell count), and thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) in some individuals taking the medication. It's important for healthcare providers to monitor blood cell counts regularly in patients on zidovudine therapy to manage and address these potential complications.

Description:This dimension of health focuses on the individual's social relationships, interactions, and participation within their community and society. It encompasses aspects such as social support, relationships, and the sense of belonging and involvement in one's social environment.

Description:The function of community include socialization, social control, social participation and mutual support.

Description:Ageism involves prejudice, discrimination, or negative stereotypes directed towards individuals or groups based on their age, especially when it results in unfair treatment or marginalization. While option a. suggests the opposite (denial of negative stereotypes), and option b. implies a positive attitude, option c. accurately describes ageism as a negative attitude often associated with physical disability or decline in old age.

Description:Entomologists are scientists who specialize in the study of insects, which include a vast and diverse group of animals. They research various aspects of insect biology, behavior, ecology, taxonomy, and more.

Description:The WHO is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health, and its headquarters is located in Geneva, Switzerland.

Description:This concept of health, often referred to as a holistic approach to health, recognizes that well-being is not solely determined by physical health but is also influenced by mental and emotional well-being, family dynamics, and the environment in which a person lives. It takes into account the interconnectedness of various aspects of an individual's life in promoting overall health and well-being.

Description:The World Health Organization observes World Health Day on 7th April every year.

Description:Subjective well-being is called as quality of life.

Description:The biomedical model of health focuses primarily on the physical aspects of health and views health as the absence of disease or illness. It tends to emphasize diagnosing and treating specific diseases or medical conditions. This model is often criticized for not considering the broader factors that contribute to overall well-being.

Description:2016: Halt the rise: Beat diabetes. 2015: Food safety. 2014: Vector-Borne disease: Small bite, big threat. 2013: Healthy heart beat, Healthy blood pressure.

Description:Louis Pasteur was a French biologist and microbiologist who made significant contributions to the understanding of infectious diseases and the development of vaccines. His work laid the foundation for many of the principles and practices in modern public health, including the concept of vaccination and the importance of sanitation and hygiene in preventing the spread of diseases. While figures like Florence Nightingale (option b) made important contributions to healthcare and nursing, Louis Pasteur's work had a more direct impact on the development of modern public health practices.

Description:Immunization is not typically considered a method of health promotion because it is primarily a preventive medical intervention rather than a health promotion strategy. The other options: a. Behavioral modification b. Lifestyle modification d. Nutritional education These are all methods of health promotion that focus on encouraging individuals to make positive changes in their behavior, lifestyle choices, and nutritional habits to improve their overall health and well-being.

Description:The integrative model of healthcare emphasizes the interconnectedness of physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual aspects of health. It promotes a holistic approach to healthcare that considers the whole person rather than just focusing on physical disease states. This approach aims to provide comprehensive and patient-centered care that addresses the diverse dimensions of health and well-being.

Description:Option C indicate WHO definition of health.

Description:The number of children (option d) is not typically considered a component in the Kuppuswamy classification of socio-economic status. This classification system assesses socio-economic status based on income, education, and occupation of the head of the family.

Description:Health development is the progressive improvement of health status of a population.

Description:Ongoing measurement of performance of health services is known as surveillance.

Description:The HDI is a composite index that measures human development based on three primary components: Life expectancy at birth (indicating health and longevity). Mean years of schooling (indicating education and knowledge). Real GDP per capita (indicating standard of living). While literacy rates and education are important factors in human development, the HDI specifically uses mean years of schooling as an indicator for the educational component, not adult literacy rates.