Description:The most common cause of Infant Mortality Rate in INDIA is in following order: a. Low birth weight – 57%. b. Respiratory infection – 17%. c. Congenital malformation – 5% . d. Diarrheal disease – 4%.

Description:The sex ratio is defined as the number of male individuals for every 100 female individuals. So, option d is the correct definition of sex ratio.

Description:Denominator for the calculation of incidence is typically taken as the "population at risk." This is because incidence measures the rate of new cases of a disease or condition in a specific population over a specified period of time, and the population at risk represents the number of individuals who are susceptible to developing the condition during that time period.

Description:The denominator in the Crude Birth Rate is the "mid-year population." The Crude Birth Rate is calculated by dividing the total number of live births in a year by the mid-year population of the same year, typically multiplied by 1,000 to express the rate per 1,000 population. So, option a is the correct choice.

Description:The general fertility rate is a measure of fertility. It represents the number of live births per 1,000 women of reproductive age (usually within the age range of 15 to 49) in a given population over a specific period of time. It is a key indicator of fertility and is used to assess the fertility patterns within a population. Option b is the correct statement.

Description:The General Fertility Rate (GFR) is the number of live births per 1,000 women in the reproductive age group, typically defined as women aged 15 to 44 years. So, option a is the correct definition of the General Fertility Rate.

Description:The Net Reproduction Rate (NRR) is a fertility rate that takes mortality into account. It measures the average number of daughters that would be born to a woman over her lifetime, considering the mortality rates of both females and males in the population. The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) and General Fertility Rate (GFR) do not directly include mortality in their calculations. The Gross Reproduction Rate (GRR) is also a measure of fertility, but it does not specifically account for mortality.

Description:The numerator in the dependency ratio typically includes the population segments that are considered economically dependent. This includes the population aged less than 15 years (children) and the population aged more than 65 years (elderly), as they are often not part of the workforce and are reliant on the working-age population for support. So, option a is the correct numerator for the dependency ratio.

Description:The denominator used to calculate the literacy rate of the Indian population is typically the "population aged 7 years or more." This age group is commonly used to assess literacy rates because it represents the population that is expected to have had some exposure to education and the opportunity to acquire literacy skills.

Description:The definition of Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) typically includes deaths that occur during pregnancy, childbirth, or within 42 days (6 weeks) after the end of pregnancy. MMR does not generally include deaths that occur beyond this 42-day period, such as deaths within 6 months post-delivery. So, option d is the correct one.

Description:Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) is calculated by dividing the number of maternal deaths by the number of live births, and then multiplying the result by 100,000 to express it as a rate per 100,000 live births. So, option c is the correct formula for calculating MMR.

Description:Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) is expressed as "per 100,000 live births." It represents the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. So, option a is the correct expression for MMR.

Description:Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is a rate, not a ratio. MMR is expressed as the number of maternal deaths per a specific denominator (usually per 100,000 live births). The other statements are not accurate: b. The numerator typically includes maternal deaths up to 42 days (6 weeks) after the end of pregnancy. c. The denominator usually includes only live births, not stillbirths or abortions. d. MMR is not expressed as a rate per 1000 live births; it is typically expressed as a rate per 100,000 live births.

Description:Neonatal death is defined as the death of a live-born neonate (a baby) that occurs in the first 28 days after birth.

Description:The most common cause of Infant Mortality Rate in INDIA is in following order: a. Low birth weight – 57%. b. Respiratory infection – 17%. c. Congenital malformation – 5%. d. Diarrheal disease – 4%.

Description:Perinatal mortality, on the other hand, includes stillbirths and early neonatal deaths (deaths that occur within the first 7 days after birth), typically covering the period just before and just after birth, but it is not part of infant mortality itself.

Description:To calculate the Infant Mortality Ratio (IMR), you need to determine the number of infant deaths (under one year of age) per 1,000 live births. In this scenario: The birth rate is 30 per 1,000 population. There were 15 children who died during their first year of life. Out of those, 9 died during the first month of life. To calculate the IMR: Calculate the number of live births: Number of live births = (Birth rate / 1,000) * Population Number of live births = (30 / 1,000) * 5,000 Number of live births = 150 Calculate the IMR: IMR = (Number of infant deaths / Number of live births) * 1,000 IMR = (15 / 150) * 1,000 IMR = 100 So, the Infant Mortality Ratio (IMR) in the population is 100, which corresponds to option a.

Description:The Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is defined as the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births. So, it is expressed as a rate per 1,000 live births.

Description:To achieve a net reproduction rate (NRR) of 1, the couple protection rate should be around 60%. The net reproduction rate of 1 indicates that, on average, each woman is having enough daughters to replace herself and her partner in the next generation. This replacement level fertility typically corresponds to a couple protection rate of approximately 60%.

Description:As of my last knowledge update in September 2021, the annual under-five deaths globally were estimated to be around 6 million. However, please note that these numbers can change over time due to various factors, including improvements in healthcare and access to healthcare services. It's advisable to check the most recent data from reputable sources for the latest statistics on under-five deaths.

Description:Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) is a consolidated index that includes the following components: Infant mortality rate (IMR). Life expectancy at age one. Literacy rate. So, option b is the correct description of the components included in the PQLI.

Description:Perinatal mortality rate typically includes deaths that occur from 28 weeks of gestation (i.e., the start of the third trimester) through the first week after birth. So, option b is the correct range for perinatal mortality.

Description:Tetanus is not a common cause of post neonatal infant mortality in India. Common causes of post-neonatal infant mortality in India typically include malnutrition, diarrheal diseases, and acute respiratory infections. Tetanus is a serious but relatively rare disease in infants, especially if appropriate medical care and vaccination measures are in place.

Description:As of my last knowledge update in September 2021, the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in India was approximately 34 per 1000 live births. However, these numbers can change over time, and it's important to refer to the most recent data from authoritative sources for the latest IMR in India.

Description:The incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in India is typically estimated to be in the range of 5-6 per 1000 live births. This can vary depending on the specific region and population studied, but the given range is a common estimate.