Description:This means that in a left-skewed distribution, the average value (mean) is less than the most frequently occurring value (mode).

Description:In a negatively skewed distribution, the tail of the curve stretches to the left, which tends to pull the mean towards the lower values, making it less than the median.

Description:In statistical analysis, confidence intervals are often calculated using the mean and the standard deviation to estimate a range of values within which a population parameter is likely to fall. The median is not commonly used for calculating confidence limits in this context.

Description:When a child's height for age is less than 2 standard deviations (2SD) below the mean, it is typically indicative of stunting, which means the child is shorter than expected for their age. The fact that the child's weight for height is more than 2SD of the mean is not relevant to the classification of stunting.

Description:These percentiles indicate the growth reference values for boys and girls, with the 50th percentile being the median or average value and the 3rd percentile being the lower limit for girls.

Description:If the birth weight of each of the 10 babies born in a hospital in a day is found to be 2.8 kg, then the standard deviation of this sample will be: b. 0 In this case, there is no variation in the birth weights of the babies because they all have the same weight of 2.8 kg. When there is no variation in a sample, the standard deviation is 0.

Description:The mean is typically the best measure of central tendency for data that follows a normal distribution because it takes into account all the values in the dataset and provides the average value, which is often the most representative value in a normal distribution. However, for data that is heavily skewed or has outliers, the median may be a more robust choice.

Description:These three statistics are used to describe the central or typical value of a dataset and are commonly referred to as measures of central tendency. They help summarize where the center of the data is located.

Description:The mode represents the value that appears most frequently in a dataset, making it the measure that describes the data point with the highest frequency.

Description:Ordinal variables have categories with a specific order or ranking, but the intervals between the categories are not necessarily equal or meaningful. In this case, the social classes have a clear order (I being higher than V), but the differences between the classes may not be consistent or quantifiable.

Description:When a physician classifies patients into categories like 'Normal', 'Mild', 'Moderate', or 'Severe', they are using an ordinal scale of measurement. In ordinal scales, the categories have a specific order or ranking, but the intervals between the categories are not necessarily equal or meaningful. In this case, 'Mild' is considered less severe than 'Moderate,' and 'Moderate' is less severe than 'Severe,' indicating an ordinal relationship. However, the differences between these categories may not be quantitatively equal or meaningful.

Description:An ordinal scale has categories with a specific order or ranking, but the intervals between the categories are not necessarily equal or meaningful. In this case, the categories represent different levels of satisfaction, but the differences between "Satisfied" and "Very Satisfied" or between "Satisfied" and "Dissatisfied" may not have the same quantitative significance.

Description:Body weight is not an example of a nominal scale; it is typically measured on a ratio scale because it has a true zero point (i.e., zero weight is meaningful). Race, sex, and occupation are examples of nominal scale variables because they represent categories or labels without any inherent order or numerical significance.

Description:Histograms are commonly used to visualize the distribution of continuous data, which represents measurements that can take any value within a range (e.g., height, weight, temperature). Histograms display the frequency or count of data points within specific intervals or bins along a continuous scale.

Description:A histogram is specifically designed to represent the distribution of continuous data by dividing the data into intervals (bins) and showing the frequency or count of data points within each interval. It provides a visual representation of the data's shape, central tendency, and spread.

Description:Line diagrams are commonly used to show trends over time or across a continuous scale. They connect data points with lines, making it easy to visualize how values change and identify trends, patterns, or fluctuations in the data.

Description:The agent factors responsible for the occurrence of a disease include: c. a, b, d This means that biological and physical agents (a), mechanical and chemical agents (b), as well as nutrient and living agents (d) can all play a role in the occurrence of a disease.

Description:The investigator, represented by "d," is not part of the epidemiological triad. The triad focuses on the interaction between the host, agent, and environment in the context of disease transmission and occurrence. The investigator is the person or entity conducting the epidemiological study and analyzing the data but is not one of the factors directly involved in disease causation.

Description:The most logical sequence among the given options is: b. Disease – Impairment – Disability – Handicap This sequence follows the typical progression of how a disease can lead to impairment, which in turn can lead to disability, and ultimately result in a handicap.

Description:Man is not an intermediate host for Kala-azar. Kala-azar, also known as visceral leishmaniasis, is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected sandflies, and humans are the primary hosts for the parasite responsible for this disease.

Description:The correct chain of infection in order is: d. Source/reservoir → Mode of transmission → Host This represents the typical sequence in which infections are transmitted. First, there is a source or reservoir of the infectious agent, then a mode of transmission that allows the agent to be passed to a susceptible host.

Description:Sentinel surveillance is commonly used to monitor HIV prevalence by testing specific groups, such as pregnant women attending antenatal clinics or people visiting sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics. This method provides insights into the prevalence of HIV within these specific populations and helps track the spread of the virus.

Description:The continuous, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data needed for the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practices is known as: c. Surveillance Surveillance is a fundamental activity in public health that involves the ongoing monitoring of health data and trends to detect and respond to health issues effectively.

Description:Sentinel surveillance involves the targeted monitoring of specific groups or locations to identify cases that might not otherwise be reported through routine surveillance systems. It helps in uncovering hidden cases and gaining a better understanding of the true extent of a health issue in the community.

Description:Screening of immigrants for infection is known as prospective screening.