Description:Sandfly causes kala-azar. Visceral leishmaniasis is spread by sandfly bites. This type of leishmaniasis the internal organs, usually the spleen, liver and bone marrow.

Description:Dengue fever, yellow fever, West Nile fever, chikungunya, eastern equine encephalitis, and Zika virus.

Description:Mosquito that lays egg singly is known as anopheles.

Description:Chloroquine is a medication used to prevent and to treat malaria in areas where malaria is known to be sensitive to its effects. Certain types of malaria, resistant strains, and complicated cases typically required different or additional medication.

Description:Dengue fever, a viral illness that affects humans, is primarily transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. This mosquito species serves as the primary vector for the dengue virus, meaning it can acquire the virus by biting an infected person and then transmit it to a healthy individual when it feeds on their blood. Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions, including parts of Southeast Asia, South America, the Caribbean, and Africa. These mosquitoes are known for their distinctive black and white stripes and a preference for feeding on human blood. When an Aedes aegypti mosquito bites a person infected with the dengue virus, it ingests the virus along with the blood. Over the course of several days, the virus multiplies within the mosquito's body. Once the dengue virus has replicated sufficiently within the mosquito, it can be transmitted to a new human host during a subsequent bite. When an infected mosquito feeds on a healthy person, it injects the virus along with its saliva into the person's bloodstream. This transmission process is how dengue fever spreads in human populations. It's important to note that not all mosquito species can transmit the dengue virus. While Culex fatigues, Culex vishnui, and Glossina palpalis are types of mosquitoes, they are not the primary vectors responsible for dengue transmission. Instead, the Aedes aegypti mosquito plays a central role in the spread of dengue fever, making option "c" the correct answer for the question. Controlling the population of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and taking preventive measures, such as using mosquito nets and repellents, is crucial in reducing the risk of dengue fever transmission in affected areas.

Description:Malaria infection can be transmitted by: d. All of the above This means that malaria can be transmitted through blood transfusion, the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito, and even through vertical transmission from a mother to her baby when there's a placental defect.

Description:Malarial transmission occurs by: a. Vector Malaria is primarily transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito, which acts as the vector carrying the malaria parasite from one person to another. It is not transmitted through food, water, airborne particles, or fomites (inanimate objects).

Description:The disease that is not due to Aedes mosquitoes among the options listed is: a. Filariasis Filariasis is primarily transmitted by different types of mosquitoes, such as Culex mosquitoes and Anopheles mosquitoes, not Aedes mosquitoes. On the other hand, yellow fever, dengue fever, and chikungunya fever are diseases that can be transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes.

Description:The malarial parasite responsible for cerebral malaria is: c. P. falciparum Cerebral malaria is a severe and potentially life-threatening complication of malaria, and it is often associated with infection by the Plasmodium falciparum parasite. This parasite has a particular propensity to infect and block small blood vessels in the brain, leading to neurological complications and, in severe cases, coma and death.

Description:The incubation period of Chikungunya fever is: d. 4-7 days This means that after being bitten by an infected mosquito, it typically takes 4 to 7 days for symptoms of Chikungunya fever to appear in an infected person.

Description:The causative organism of yellow fever is: d. Arbovirus Yellow fever is caused by the yellow fever virus, which is an arbovirus (arthropod-borne virus) transmitted primarily by infected Aedes mosquitoes.

Description:Malaria is caused by a: a. Protozoa Malaria is primarily caused by Plasmodium parasites, which are single-celled protozoa.

Description:The vector responsible for Japanese encephalitis is: b. Culex mosquitoes. Japanese encephalitis is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Culex mosquitoes.

Description:The life cycle from egg to a complete adult mosquito takes: b. 7-10 days. This duration can vary depending on factors such as temperature and mosquito species. In favorable conditions, mosquitoes can complete their life cycle relatively quickly.

Description:The insecticide used for ultra-low volume fogging is: d. Malathion.

Description:The most important treatment for patients with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is: c. Replace body fluids. Patients with DHF are at risk of severe dehydration and plasma leakage, so it is crucial to replace fluids and maintain the patient's blood pressure. This is typically done through intravenous (IV) fluid therapy. Aspirin and NSAIDs (Option a and d) should be avoided, as they can increase the risk of bleeding. Applying an ice cap (Option b) may provide some comfort but is not the primary treatment for DHF.

Description:Malaria parasite was discovered by: c. Laveran Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran, a French army surgeon, is credited with the discovery of the malaria parasite.

Description:Malaria is transmitted by: a. Female Anopheles mosquitoes. Female Anopheles mosquitoes are responsible for transmitting the malaria parasite to humans through their bites.

Description:Kala-azar, also known as visceral leishmaniasis, is transmitted by: b. Phlebotomus argentipes sandflies. Phlebotomus argentipes is the vector responsible for transmitting the parasites that cause kala-azar in humans.

Description:Scabies is caused by: d. Sarcoptic scabies mites. Scabies is an infestation of the skin by tiny mites known as Sarcoptes scabiei. These mites burrow into the skin, leading to the characteristic itching and rash associated with scabies.

Description:The drug of choice for treating scabies is: a. 25% Benzyl benzoate.

Description:Q fever is transmitted by: c. Ticks. Q fever is caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii and is typically transmitted to humans through contact with infected livestock, contaminated dust, or tick bites. Ticks are one of the vectors responsible for transmitting this bacterium to humans.

Description:The disease transmitted by mosquitoes among the options listed is: a. Dengue. Dengue is a viral disease primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes.

Description:The vector that causes scabies is: b. Itch mite. Scabies is caused by an infestation of the skin by tiny mites known as Sarcoptes scabiei, commonly referred to as itch mites. They burrow into the skin, leading to the characteristic itching and rash associated with scabies. Mosquitoes, lice, and sandflies are not responsible for transmitting scabies.

Description:The statement that is not true about Zika Disease is: c. Caused by bacteria and spreads by contamination. Zika Disease is caused by a virus, not bacteria. It is primarily spread by Aedes mosquitoes, and it can also be transmitted sexually. Additionally, Zika virus infection during pregnancy has been associated with microcephaly and other birth defects in newborns, making statement a true as well.