Description:The infection transmitted by ticks is called Kyasanur Forest disease, which is represented by the letter "c" in the options provided. Ticks are small arachnids that can carry and transmit this disease to humans when they bite them.

Description:Filaria is caused by parasitic worms known as filarial nematodes. Therefore, the correct answer is not listed among the options provided. To specify, the cause of filariasis is neither bacteria, protozoa, fungus, nor a virus.

Description:Dengue is spread through the bite of the female mosquito (Aedes aegypti). This also can spread dengue fever, chikungunya, Zika fever, Mayaro and yellow fever virus, and other.

Description:Hepatitis A, cholera, and poliomyelitis can be transmitted through contaminated water and food, but hepatitis C is primarily transmitted through blood-to-blood contact, sharing needles, or from mother to child during childbirth. It is not typically transmitted through contaminated water or food.

Description:Isolation for salmonellosis is typically required until a person has been on antibiotics for at least 3 days and is no longer considered contagious. This is because antibiotics help to clear the bacteria from the person's system, reducing the risk of further transmission to others. The other options mentioned are not typically used as criteria for ending isolation in cases of salmonellosis.

Description:The Widal test is a diagnostic blood test used to detect antibodies specific to Salmonella bacteria, particularly Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi. These bacteria are responsible for causing enteric fever, which includes conditions like typhoid and paratyphoid fevers. Therefore, the Widal test is used for the diagnosis of enteric fever. It is not used for the diagnosis of malaria, cholera, or plague.

Description:The characteristic fever found in typhoid is b. Step ladder fever. Typhoid fever typically presents with a step ladder pattern of fever, where the patient's temperature gradually increases over several days and then remains consistently high for an extended period, often for several weeks. This is in contrast to some other types of fevers like intermittent fever (which has periods of fever and no fever) or continuous fever (which remains consistently high without significant variation). Relapsing fever is a different type of fever associated with certain infections caused by spirochete bacteria.

Description:The part of the body that is primarily affected in typhoid is b. Intestines. Typhoid fever is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi, which primarily targets the intestines. It can lead to symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and other gastrointestinal issues. While the infection can spread to other parts of the body, the intestines are the initial and most prominently affected site.

Description:The maximum permissible chloride level in a liter of water can vary depending on local regulations and standards. However, a commonly accepted guideline is: c. 600 mg This means that the chloride concentration in drinking water should not exceed 600 milligrams per liter (mg/L) to meet typical water quality standards. It's important to note that permissible levels can vary by region and can be subject to updates and changes in local regulations, so it's always a good idea to check with the relevant local authorities for the most current guidelines.

Description:John Snow, a British physician, is famous for his work in identifying the source of a cholera outbreak in London in 1854. He is considered one of the pioneers of modern epidemiology and is known for his investigation that led to the understanding that contaminated water, specifically from the Broad Street pump, was responsible for the spread of cholera in the area. His work laid the foundation for our understanding of waterborne diseases and the importance of clean water sources.

Description:Cholera is a bacterial infection that is often transmitted through contaminated water or food, particularly in areas with poor sanitation and inadequate access to clean drinking water. Consuming water or food contaminated with Vibrio cholerae bacteria can lead to cholera infection.

Description:Rabies is not a waterborne disease. It is primarily transmitted through the saliva of infected animals, usually through animal bites. In contrast, diseases like typhoid fever and cholera are examples of waterborne diseases, as they can be contracted by consuming water or food contaminated with the respective bacteria. Tuberculosis is an airborne disease primarily spread through respiratory droplets.

Description:The disease that can be diagnosed by the Mantoux test is: b. Tuberculosis The Mantoux test, also known as the tuberculin skin test or the TB skin test, is used to determine whether a person has been exposed to the bacteria that cause tuberculosis (TB). It's a common diagnostic tool for detecting TB infection. The test involves injecting a small amount of purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin into the skin, and the reaction is observed to assess the person's response to the TB bacteria.

Description:The main agent of Typhoid fever is: a. Salmonella typhi Salmonella typhi is the bacterium responsible for causing Typhoid fever in humans. It is a specific serotype of the Salmonella genus that leads to this infectious disease.

Description:Tetracycline antibiotics are commonly used for cholera chemoprophylaxis, especially in areas with known cholera outbreaks or high cholera risk. This medication can help prevent infection in individuals exposed to the cholera bacterium. However, it's important to note that the choice of chemoprophylactic medication may vary based on local guidelines and antibiotic resistance patterns, so it's essential to follow the advice of healthcare professionals and public health authorities.

Description:The "Water Washed Disease" among the options provided is: d. Yellow fever Yellow fever is not typically considered a "Water Washed Disease." The other conditions listed, such as trachoma, scabies, and conjunctivitis, are associated with poor hygiene and can be exacerbated by inadequate access to clean water and sanitation facilities. Yellow fever, on the other hand, is primarily transmitted by mosquitoes and is not directly related to water hygiene.

Description:Scabies, an infection of the skin caused by Sarcoptes scabiei mites, is an example of: b. Water washed disease Water washed diseases are conditions that are related to poor personal hygiene and can be exacerbated by inadequate access to clean water for washing and sanitation. Scabies is one such disease that can spread more easily in conditions of poor hygiene, but it is not directly transmitted through water itself.

Description:The zoonotic disease among the options provided is: c. Rabies Rabies is a zoonotic disease, which means it can be transmitted from animals to humans. It is typically spread through the saliva of infected animals, most commonly through animal bites. Chikungunya, malaria, and AIDS are not zoonotic diseases; they have different modes of transmission.

Description:The characteristic feature of a zoonotic infection among the options provided is: c. Malignant pustule A malignant pustule is a skin lesion associated with the zoonotic disease anthrax, which can be transmitted to humans from infected animals or animal products. Swimming pool granuloma, carbuncle, and Vincent's angina are not typically associated with zoonotic infections.

Description:Zinc phosphide is an efficient: a. Rodenticide Zinc phosphide is commonly used as a rodenticide to control rodent populations. It is a toxic substance that is ingested by rodents, leading to their poisoning and eventual control.

Description:Negri bodies are found in the disease condition: a. Rabies Negri bodies are characteristic inclusion bodies that are seen in the neurons of the central nervous system of animals and humans infected with the rabies virus. They are used as a diagnostic feature for rabies infection.

Description:Rabies is caused by a virus called: b. Lyssavirus type 1 The rabies virus belongs to the Lyssavirus genus within the Rhabdoviridae family.

Description:The infection that is acquired from animals to humans is: a. Plague Plague is a zoonotic disease, meaning it can be transmitted from animals to humans. It is typically associated with rodents and their fleas as vectors. The other options, polio, pertussis, and malaria, have different modes of transmission and are not primarily acquired from animals.

Description:The disease that is transmitted through a dog bite is: d. Rabies Rabies is a viral infection that can be transmitted to humans through the saliva of infected animals, typically through bites. Dogs are one of the common carriers of the rabies virus, so dog bites can be a source of transmission. The other options (influenza, yellow fever, and herpes) are not typically transmitted through dog bites.

Description:Hydrophobia is a clinical feature of: c. Rabies Hydrophobia, also known as fear of water, is a symptom often associated with rabies. It is characterized by difficulty in swallowing and a strong aversion to water due to the muscle spasms and paralysis caused by the rabies virus affecting the nervous system.